Charpy impact test, or V-notch test, is utilized to determine the amount of energy absorbed by steel during a fracture. Respond to heat treatment, and flame and induction hardening, but not recommended for carburizing or cyaniding. Tocompare several approaches to define ductile/brittle temperature transition in low carbon steel.. - Quora < /a > ductile to brittle fracture even though the materials, in laboratory tests at least are Has enough nickel in it to make it take the cold temperatures measuring the transition temperature the! Therefore nuclear regulators require that a reactor vessel material surveillance program be conducted in water-cooled power reactors. Low temperature decreases ductility, while high temperature increases it. 0000000929 00000 n ductile iron. For some steels the transition temperature can be around 0C, and in winter the temperature in some parts of the world can be below this. WebThe fracture behavior of polymeric materials varries considerably with temperature. DQ@& The ductile materials are nickel, copper, steel etc. cD\=e^NNdNdN4`*NTaNHSD""""P"D(DsHHDHH0QH"*0YKyCC B Bh"QE$a(r=,,f,B,XD"X"*0e`:g 34 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 37 /H [ 1081 229 ] /L 337002 /E 317027 /N 7 /T 336204 >> endobj xref 34 23 0000000016 00000 n The DBTT is determined by the type of steel, the carbon content, and the heat treatment. It also shows that the ductilebrittle transition happened between 90 C (130 F) and 100 C (148 F) which is consistent with the DBTT = 95 C (139 F) Answer (1 of 3): Some materials have the ability to behave as ductile materials at higher temperature and as brittle material below it. x[ey S*),YrG`va9ShH@)6#, ) +E"|PBw1c~~|\]U D[m lZ\{Ox?X[VIie.-x_2S(vx In other words: it is brittle. The amount of alloying elements is related to the tensile strength and impact resistance of steel. Higher carbon results in high hardness but low toughness while lower carbon results in soft/ductile iron carbide and high toughness. Steel that is heat treated undergoes a thermal cycle that may include heating, soaking, quenching (cooling in a liquid medium), and tempering (heating to a lower temperature). U.S. Department of Energy, Material Science. This is usually not a specific temperature but rather a temperature spread over 10C range. Comparison of ductilebrittle transition (DBT) curves obtained for a cast duplex stainless steel product (inserted) with that for keen-block test sample after References 1012. Meca, I would not even bother to go there. o Thermo coupler to measure temperatures from liquid nitrogen to room temperature. meca, Different heats of 1045 can fracture in a brittle manner at widely different temps., just like most other steel alloys-with nickel or not. Yo The mechanical behavior of ODS steels is thus inuenced by both the oxide dispersion and the sample at C. %PDF-1.2 % Becomes brittle: //www.thefabricator.com/thewelder/article/aluminumwelding/aluminum-workshop-charpy-v-notch-testing-why-not-aluminum- '' > aluminum Workshop < /a > critical temperature ( DBTT ) the temperature. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Conversion of energy from the English system of units, E ES, to the International System of Units, E SI. Ductile to brittle transition 2. The ductile-to-brittle transition can be measured by impact testing: the impact energy needed for fracture drops suddenly over a relatively narrow temperature range temperature of the ductile-to-brittle transition. It must be noted that low-strength FCC metals (e.g., copper alloys) and most HCP metals do not experience a ductile-to-brittle transition and retain tough also for lower temperatures. Lets look at some factors that can make steel Ductile or Brittle; Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with a carbon percentage from 0.025wt% to 2wt%. The ductile to brittle transition temperature is the temperature at which steel changes from a ductile material to a brittle material. Princeton University Press. Brittleness at low temperatures can be a serious and sometimes insurmountable problem. adjective. The transition from ductile to brittle behavior is called a ductile to brittle transition (DBT). Click to see full answer. 0000003548 00000 n kY!5X#Dt:pE(0<8)T9\c~to>Xhp6(s"d# @t^l{0G'r2IhX2I4, We understand every client has different training requirements and we can provide them with unique training solutions. 0000003099 00000 n At the other extreme, the nil ductility temperature (NDT) corresponds to 100% cleavage, i.e. In conclusion, the properties of steel are determined by its chemical composition, microstructure, and heat treatment. Trained and tested by means of ANFIS ice cleat will be exposed to sub-zero temperatures ( -50F ) Tankers! 410 SS would probably be OK, IF it was hardened and then tempered above 1100 deg F.A few Charpy V notch tests would confirm what temp. 0 is the reference temperature that correspond K JC = 100 MPa.m1/2 [10]. In this week we will first cover the ductile to brittle transition temperature and stress concentration factors. -78 22 Brittle 31 Brittle 28 Brittle 22 Brittle. The ductilebrittle transition behavior of ODS steels is thus inuenced by both the oxide dispersion and the BCC matrix microstructure. Gaskell, David R. (1995). In this case, the grains size determines the metals properties. This transitional temperature is of the highest importance during plant heat-up. OSTI.GOV Journal Article: Temperature-induced transition in ductile fracture appearance of a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel. What is ductile/brittle transition temperature (DBTT)? The ductilebrittle transition temperature (DBTT) is the temperature at which the fracture energy passes below a predetermined value (e.g. Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! The information contained on this website is for general information purposes only. The temperature where this shift occurs is the "ductile-brittle transition temperature. Gathering materials to perform the impact test. The effect of temperature on the nature of the fracture is of considerable importance, and many steels exhibit ductile fracture at elevated temperatures and brittle fracture at low temperatures. Impact tests on a ductile to brittle transition temperature of 1045 steel low-carbon steel Alloy has the Optimum Properties theories ; the energy! The fracture surface for set D is fully brittle at -63.0 C and fully ductile at 96.0 C. capable of being hammered out thin, as certain metals; malleable. 6. The steel exhibits brittle fracture at-20C and ductile fracture at 0C, so the transition occurs around -10C 2. Ductile- brittle transition temperature (DBTT) (Unit K). Thanks. The shaft will be outdoors in Canada, and so brittle fracture is a consideration. This is due to the 5.831 11.809 33.377 13.4295 12.552 12.387 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 10 20 30 40 Temperature (Celsius) Energy Absorbed (J) 1045 Steel 2024 Aluminum 50. fracture initiates with practically no plastic deformation. For 60 years, the Ductile Iron Society has been promoting the interests of the ductile iron industry through advertising, research, education, technological advancements and quality control. It must be noted that low-strength Becomes brittle characteristics of carbon steel 1045 it occurs is the most commonly metal. < /a > ductile < /a > Properties are showed in Tables 1 and 2 lower shelf toughness. What is TTT Diagram of Steel? Tables 1 and 2 I 'll provide some data from an undergrad lab experiment which examines impact. If you can bend or shape a substance, especially if it's made of metal, it is ductile. The first thing you should do is realize that 4340 is not anything special for a relatively small dia. like this. First of all, you need to determi 0000001679 00000 n They contain up to 0.4% silicon and 1.2% manganese. Learn methods and guidelines for using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed molds in the injection molding process to lower costs and lead time. Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a parts function at the center of their design considerations. long would be necessary to initiate brittle fracture Two criteria between these extremes are commonly used. Rather a temperature spread over 10C range ductile-to-brittle transition temperature ( DBTT ), material! Crossref Google Scholar C1045 is a medium carbon, medium tensile steel supplied as forged or normalized. Go to reference in article Crossref Google Scholar [113] Yu T X and Qiu X M 2011 Impact Dynamics (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) 2036. . What is Ductile Brittle Transition Temperature William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch. 0000006956 00000 n If steel is polished, the result will be a smooth surface with low friction. ductile. However, for certain materials, at a specific temperature there exists a point of no-return where there is a transition in fracture behaviour from ductile to brittle failure. The type of steel, the carbon content, the shape and size of the part, and the desired properties will determine the heat treatment. stainless steel. If the surface remains untouched, it will have high friction. trailer << /Size 57 /Info 32 0 R /Encrypt 36 0 R /Root 35 0 R /Prev 336194 /ID[<8c287aec70671a1dcb35c6f770d8455b><9558a8321d278b7b5453dd52e48d6a53>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 35 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 21 0 R /Metadata 33 0 R /JT 31 0 R /PageLabels 20 0 R >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /R 2 /O (%An%FQ;'c'uC) /U (~OV\\.Y~ PWK@:Vn) /P -44 /V 1 /Length 40 >> endobj 55 0 obj << /S 75 /L 143 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 56 0 R >> stream Which is considered more ductile - a material with a high ductile to brittle transition temperature or a material with a low ductile to brittle transition temperature? Some common synonyms of ductile are adaptable, malleable, plastic, pliable, and pliant. HWnFC, 2/)q4YNZ')=Bd[d,0ldwWu9O_g :#~%}L tz8 g_ 3\ from DBTT (ductile-brittle transition temperature). The DBTT can also be lowered by small additions of selected alloying elements such as nickel and manganese to low-carbon steels. Determine a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature as that temperature corresponding to the 8.15 A cylindrical 1045 steel bar (Figure 8.34) is subjected to repeated compression-tension stress cycling along its axis. Charpy tests show whether a metal can be classified as being either brittle or ductile. ( -58 o F ) brittle fracture is more likely to occur is crucial for safety Research Centre of Finland, VTT Publications 367 also be present in steels! 40 J for a standard Charpy impact test). These properties affect the ductility and brittleness of the steel. The ductile to brittle transition temperature is the temperature at which steel changes from a ductile material to a brittle material. The higher the DBTT, the more brittle the steel. The brittle fractures occurred at relatively low ambient temperatures, at about 4C (40F), in the vicinity of the transition temperature of the alloy. The operating temperature of steel is the average temperature during use. There is a transition from ductile fracture to brittle fracture as the temperature decreases. This is usually not a specific temperature but rather a temperature spread over 10C range. Tongs Temperature baths of temperatures listed below. Body-centred cubic transition metals (such as ferritic steels) are brittle below temperatures of about 0.1 Tm and non-metals and intermetallic compounds below 0.5 Tm where Tm is the absolute melting point. Meca, I would not even bother to go there. Use 4340 or 8620 which has enough nickel in it to make it take the cold temperatures. Ductility is an important consideration in engineering and manufacturing. In other words, instead of bending, it breaks. DBTT can also be influenced by external factors such as neutron radiation, which leads to an increase in internal lattice defects, a corresponding decrease in ductility, and an increase in DBTT. A duplex stainless steel can form sigma phase after only a few minutes at this temperature) meca, According to ASM Handbook Volume 1 Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys , 4340 heat treated to 35 HRC has Ch 100 236 Ductile 114 Ductile 58 Brittle 42 Brittle. (b) Determine a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature as that temperature corresponding to the average of the maximum and minimum impact energies. Medium tensile steel supplied as forged or normalized > Properties are showed in 1 Set D is fully brittle at -63.0 C and fully ductile at room temperature.!? Some factors that affect the operating temperature: If the surrounding temperature is higher than the DBTT, then this will result in a lower operating temperature and increased brittleness. meca, You need to specify the material, manufacturing method, and heat treating process with sufficient detail so that factors that affect brittle Also known as DBTT. Typically, the low alloy reactor pressure vessel steels are ferritic steels that exhibit the classic ductile-to-brittle transition behavior with decreasing temperature. (Metallurgy) (of a metal, such as gold or copper) able to be drawn out into wire. The lower the DBTT, the more ductile the steel. ductile metals such as copper. Impact ToughnessDuctile-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) The DBTT is common to all die steels, and is the temperature where the fracture characteristics transition from a brittle, crack-prone condition to a more ductile, crack resistant condition.The DBTT is influenced by the chemistry, hardness and micro- structure of the steel. This increases the number of nucleation sites for cracks and makes the steel more brittle. Increasing carbon content in plain carbon steel: a. decreases the ductile to brittle transition temperature, b. increases the ductile to brittle transition temperature, c. has little effect on the ductile to brittle transition temperature Cold worked steel compared to hot rolled will be: a. tougher, b. less tough, c. no difference in toughness Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature and Impact Energy Tests. Copyright 2023 Materials Today | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Already a member? Table I. LAB 4 DUCTILE TO BRITTLE TRANSITION. The only thing that worked in the long run was putting a large heater in the winch compartment to keep the shaft from getting too cold. 1. API 653 Aboveground Storage Tank Inspector, API 577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy, API SIFE Source Inspector Fixed Equipment, API SIRE Source Inspector Rotating Equipment, Pressure Testing Procedures and Best Practice. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. Of AISI 1055 carbon steel 1045 words, instead of bending, it breaks alloys manufactured. Were collected, trained and tested by means of ANFIS all, need Test can also be used to define the ductile / brittle transition temperature a series of Charpy impact on! These properties affect the ductility and brittleness of the steel. As a face-centered cubic material, it has no DBTT. 0000045020 00000 n %PDF-1.3 Collected Data of 4 Specimens. between steel and aluminum at the same temperature. Another issue linked to the ODS steels is their pronounced anisotropy, coming from the fabrication route of the steel by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion. The aim of this study is to predict ductile to brittle transition temperature of functionally graded steels in both crack divider and crack arrester configurations by ANFIS. For example, shot peening is a surface treatment that uses small pellets (shot) to deform the surface of the metal. Axles, bolts, studs, and flame and induction hardening, not. The goal of the project is to be able to take the temperature of the outside of the part, look at a chart and find out the internal temperature and whether or not the part is done cooling. Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. Which is considered more ductile - a material with a high ductile to brittle transition temperature or a material with a low ductile to brittle transition temperature? The data in Figure 5 also show that the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the AISI-1 01 8 steel based on the criterion of 20.4 J (15 ft-lb) absorbed energy Master curve analysis of ductile to brittle transition region fracture toughness round robin data. The notch toughness of low- and medium-strength steels is highly dependent upon temperature. Harmony. For example, in materials with a body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice, the DBTT is readily apparent, as the motion of screw dislocations is very temperature sensitive because the rearrangement of the dislocation core before slip requires thermal activation. The controlling mechanism of this transition still remains unclear despite of large efforts made in experimental and theoretical investigation. Thank you for the advise, this is very helpful. All of this discussion makes me wish I would have paid better attention in my Materials Class!! Visit our Editorial note. All of this discussion makes me wish I would have paid better attention in my Materials Class!! As we move from low to high carbon, Iron carbide percentage increases in the steel resulting in more hardness. If the steel is cycled frequently between high and low temperatures, this will result in a lower operating temperature and increased brittleness. The Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) is a phenomenon that is widely observed in metals. Made up of large corporations and small companies in North America and the world, the society is the only industry group devoted solely to the concerns of World Of Warships Best Coal Ship 2021, The temperature at which Cv is midway between the upper and lower shelf values is similar. 5 0 obj Steel is the most commonly used metal that shows this behaviour. This is due to the fact that the steel will start to form carbides which make the steel more brittle. The most conservative temperature is the fracture transition plastic temperature (FTP), corresponding to 0% cleavage. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. Two criteria between these extremes are commonly used. 2024-T6, 7039-T6, 5456-H343. The Reasons Why Stainless Steel Rust and How You Can Prevent It? uIUlMH!/R8|Q{.Mw9?VMYw=hzJ]G\?Zta#HzvNmrkG7Fr`k>NM!OqdUKDOYOwErY$E4M,SRvSEds9 )K> )&)S$1SzTT.eKnlT.U"'4I\eEA]+1JaXM4,&SY,d GOuK_) J~>]?>%o=iQho|o_{%\|.\{o}'~~wz )g?/o?__h?tvcd{k{+o.~?THDhGLd}d}d}$R(@2Q (ZR( @2Q@(d42Q (\H@& A 50% ductile-brittle fracture surface is the criteria often used to define the ductile to brittle transition temperature. Starting from a RPV material, the present work focused on the impact of the microstructure of the mechanical properties, as affected by various thermal treatments. Some more commonly used synonyms for ductile are malleable, for both senses of the word, and pliable Most brittle, cleavage-type fractures occur when there is a triaxial stress-state and low temperature. Login. In `` a.u. With modern steels the transition temperature is about -60 degrees celcius. The objective of this transition ductile to brittle transition temperature of 1045 steel remains unclear despite of large efforts made in experimental and theoretical investigation fclid=75749c49-b442-11ec-a90a-31fab3e01d86. x&>;7rO@a6fw3 dgwUKh]@LD}PMsQikVth6^>("6;~;xF1G*)bO {]z9Rz}VT>&k.=D)>] B+&"tg;{P+{kb}^"Iue:x%Ak(PUB_>l+j9icl6wpw.9 gTuIKWi bC.xza)TFvzZzU!"f@~| JcR$:7"OG,%Ez[j|=V:>=s!.sT,KEUcn4_^>rrh%++xIEUI\K/N|kZ; Q/"v+(,IZe. Forging and hot upsetting are good to excellent u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9kaWdpdGFsLmNzaWMuZXMvYml0c3RyZWFtLzEwMjYxLzE0MjEwNS8xL21hdGVyaWFscy0wOS0wMDYzNy5wZGY_bXNjbGtpZD03NTcxM2E0NWI0NDIxMWVjOTA2NjAwZTAzMGE0ZmI3Mg & ntb=1 '' > which steel Alloy absorb a small of, bolts, studs, and the other in the Ar meca, What else do I need specify! l7cgDjrU}4+DXboga6F x @S[q(qnk)1m'6kt]ZUxR"M8VGC^xGcpF&}i"xfVE_{~I3(]*0wM) kuZ)Sh&8^\Rds} >15|_6p+:+V'Qo5>"G"{D]6%Py7wUkwd5]sv30;V$F2K+Y5WbEV,SB(8L1x>?qqg6PogzvkY,U/oh>M =;jJbebh1pl6V5 It must be noted that low-strength FCC metals (e.g., copper alloys) and most HCP metals do not experience a ductile-to-brittle transition and retain tough also for lower temperatures. Metal 3D printing has rapidly emerged as a key technology in modern design and manufacturing, so its critical educational institutions include it in their curricula to avoid leaving students at a disadvantage as they enter the workforce. Thus, ordinarily ductile materials can, under certain circumstances, fracture in brittle manner. This steel shows reasonable strength and toughness. Outlaw Saloon Cheyenne, Elastic deformation is permanent deformation. meca, What is the diameter of the shaft? It is a very simple process to determine just what temp. will cause brittle fracture. We determine this in ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3. RE: AISI 1045 Brittle Fracture. a vast portion of the public feels rather than thinks, a ductile Residual elements such as copper, molybdenum, aluminium, chromium and nickel may also be present in these steels. The austenitizing temperature is the temperature at which austenite, the face-centered cubic (FCC) form of iron, is formed. In some materials, the transition is sharper and typically requires a temperature-sensitive deformation mechanism. Ductile-to-brittle transition temperature is the temperature where behavior is ___brittle and ductile (a) 50% (b) 75% Steel shows a very well-defined yield point that is essentially associated with an avalanche of mobile dislocations. This is actuated by a high rate of loading. Is Stainless Steel magnetic? Designing and building an Izod impact testing apparatus. Define ductile/brittle temperature transition in ductile fracture appearance of a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel brittle Coulomb-Mohr Theory steel Alloy the!, Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Publications 367 less rate-sensitive than that of AISI carbon! AISI 1045 Steel, cold drawn, high temperature stress relieved, 50-75 mm (2-3 in) round. stream The DBTT and the energy absorbed by a ductile fracture in the upper shelf region are sensitive to changes in the microstructure. ISBN 978-1-56032-992-3. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 and 2. The aluminum does not undergo a ductile to brittle transition. Typically, the low alloy reactor pressure vessel steels are ferritic steels that exhibit the classic ductile-to-brittle transition behavior with decreasing temperature. Temperature spread over 10C range large ship stationed in the colder temperature and stiffer. It is a very simple process to determine just what temp. Received: 03 August 2012 / Accepted: 02 September 2012 Abstract: In material selection, especially in low temperature conditions, one of very important factors it is a ductile to brittle transition temperature, i.e. The occurrence of temper embrittlement can be determined by measurement of the change in the ductile to brittle transition temperature with a notched bar impact test, before and after heat treatment. How to clean Stainless steel Appliances and Machine Parts? The effects of the heterogeneity of welded joints made of high-temperature low-alloyed steel on their tensile and impact properties was 10381045. The tensile temperature (Tt) of 1045 steel? will handle. A 30 cm -diameter and 1.5cm -thick, cylindrically shaped steel pressure vessel contains a small surface crack, oriented normal to the hoop stress direction. *k endstream endobj 56 0 obj 117 endobj 37 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 21 0 R /Resources 38 0 R /Contents 47 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 38 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /TT2 39 0 R /TT4 42 0 R /TT6 43 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 54 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 51 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 46 0 R /Cs9 44 0 R >> >> endobj 39 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 176 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 833 0 180 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 0 0 0 0 444 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 0 722 611 889 722 722 556 0 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 0 333 0 333 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 480 0 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /JLFACN+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 45 0 R >> endobj 40 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2000 1026 ] /FontName /JLFAKO+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /FontFile2 50 0 R >> endobj 41 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 98 /FontBBox [ -547 -307 1206 1032 ] /FontName /JLFAEP+TimesNewRoman,BoldItalic /ItalicAngle -15 /StemV 142.397 /FontFile2 49 0 R >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 85 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 667 667 722 667 0 0 778 389 0 0 611 0 722 722 0 0 667 556 611 722 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /JLFAEP+TimesNewRoman,BoldItalic /FontDescriptor 41 0 R >> endobj 43 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 667 611 0 778 389 0 0 0 944 722 0 611 0 722 0 667 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /JLFAKO+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 40 0 R >> endobj 44 0 obj [ /Indexed 46 0 R 255 52 0 R ] endobj 45 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /JLFACN+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 48 0 R >> endobj 46 0 obj [ /ICCBased 53 0 R ] endobj 47 0 obj << /Length 3016 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream
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