JAD: But still. As abundant as what was going on above ground. LARRY UBELL: No, I don't because she may come up against it, people who think that intelligence is unique to humans. Yours is back of your house, but let's make it in the front. The light and the fan were always coming from the same direction. LATIF: It's like Snow White and The Seven Tubes or something. JENNIFER FRAZER: Or it could be like, "Okay, I'm not doing so well, so I'm gonna hide this down here in my ceiling.". When we last left off, I'm just saying you just said intelligence. ROBERT: Now, you might think that the plant sends out roots in every direction. Today, Robert drags Jad along on a parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. Don't interrupt. Back and forth. ROBERT: So they followed the sound of the barking and it leads them to an outhouse. But it was originally done with -- with a dog. I don't know. ROBERT: But what -- how would a plant hear something? JAD: It's like every time I close my eyes, you're coming at it from a different direction. There was some kind of benefit from the birch to the fur. That's the place where I can remember things. You need the nutrients that are in the soil. Okay. JAD: Well, okay. MONICA GAGLIANO: So actually, I think you were very successful with your experiment. This is the fungus. Yes, we don't normally ascribe intelligence to plants, and plants are not thought to have brains. But what -- how would a plant hear something? PETER LANDGREN: Little seatbelt for him for the ride down. LARRY UBELL: Or it's just the vibration of the pipe that's making it go toward it. Wait a second. Jigs is in trouble!" These guys are actually doing it." Me first. They run out of energy. Favorite 46 Add to Repost 7. So the fungus is giving the tree the minerals. LARRY UBELL: You got somewhere to go? We were so inconsistent, so clumsy, that the plants were smart to keep playing it safe and closing themselves up. That was my reaction. ROBERT: So maybe could you just describe it just briefly just what you did? They just don't like to hear words like "mind" or "hear" or "see" or "taste" for a plant, because it's too animal and too human. ROBERT: We're carefully examining the roots of this oak tree. They curve, sometimes they branch. So she's got her plants in the pot, and we're going to now wait to see what happens. ROBERT: For this part of our broadcast, I'd like to begin by imagining a tall, dark, dense, green forest. I remember going in at the uni on a Sunday afternoon. So there is some water outside of the pipe. AATISH BHATIA: This feels one of those experiments where you just abort it on humanitarian grounds, you know? I'm 84. And they, you know, they push each other away so they can get to the sky. ALVIN UBELL: They would have to have some ROBERT: Maybe there's some kind of signal? ], [ROY HALLING: With help from Alexandra Leigh Young, Jackson Roach and Charu Sinha. Like, the plant is hunting? So light is -- if you shine light on a plant you're, like, feeding it? Then Monica hoists the plant back up again and drops it again. ROBERT: Could a plant learn to associate something totally random like a bell with something it wanted, like food? JENNIFER FRAZER: They're some other kind of category. I don't really need it all right now. JAD: So she's saying they remembered for almost a month? ], Dylan Keefe is our Director of Sound Design. Wait. Well, it depends on who you ask. If you look at a root under a microscope, what you see is all these thousands of feelers like hairs on your head looking for water. So maybe the root hairs, which are always found right at the growing tips of plant roots, maybe plant roots are like little ears. So actually, I think you were very successful with your experiment. They're one of our closest relatives, actually. This is Ashley Harding from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. It's time -- time for us to go and lie down on the soft forest floor. Like, I say, it's early in the season. ROBERT: And this? Or maybe slower? Was it possible that maybe the plants correctly responded by not opening, because something really mad was happening around it and it's like, "This place is not safe.". But it was originally done with -- with a dog. JAD: So you couldn't replicate what she saw. Pics! It's like a savings account? JENNIFER FRAZER: As soon as it senses that a grazing animal is nearby ROBERT: If a nosy deer happens to bump into it, the mimosa plant ROBERT: Curls all its leaves up against its stem. ], [ALVIN UBELL: Maria Mata -- Maria Matasar ], [LARRY UBELL: Maria Matasar-Padilla is our Managing Director. This is like metaphor is letting in the light as opposed to shutting down the blinds. Douglas fir, birch and cedar. ROBERT: Okay. They're not experiencing extra changes, for example. JENNIFER FRAZER: They had learned to associate the sound of the bell ROBERT: Which has, you know, for dogs has nothing to do with meat. Radiolab - Smarty Plants. Yeah. That's the place where I can remember things. And the -- I'm gonna mix metaphors here, the webs it weaves. ROBERT: And when you look at the map, what you see are circles sprouting lines and then connecting to other circles also sprouting lines. JAD: And the plant still went to the place where the pipe was not even in the dirt? Transcript. Like so -- and I think that, you know, the whole forest then, there's an intelligence there that's beyond just the species. ROBERT: So here's what she did. One time, the plant literally flew out of the pot and upended with roots exposed. Smarty Plants by Radiolab | Podchaser Episode from the podcast Radiolab Next Episode Smarty Plants Released Wednesday, 14th February 2018 3 people rated this episode About Insights Pro Reviews Creators 9 Lists 1 Do you really need a brain to sense the world around you? And look, and beyond that there are forests, there are trees that the scientists have found where up to 75 percent of the nitrogen in the tree turns out to be fish food. JENNIFER FRAZER: Then he would bring them the meat and he would ring a bell. They're father and son. And is it as dramatic in the opposite direction? ROBERT: They're sort of flea-sized and they spend lots of time munching leaves on the forest floor. JENNIFER FRAZER: So Pavlov started by getting some dogs and some meat and a bell. LATIF: It's like a bank? So the deer's like, "Oh, well. Big thanks to Aatish Bhatia, to Sharon De La Cruz and to Peter Landgren at Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. They have to -- have to edit in this together. Sugar. JENNIFER FRAZER: With when they actually saw and smelled and ate meat. Little fan goes on, little light goes on, both aiming at the pea plant from the same direction. MONICA GAGLIANO: Exactly. Because if I let you go it's gonna be another 20 minutes until I get to talk. JAD: So we're up to experiment two now, are we not? ANNIE: But I wonder if her using these metaphors ANNIE: is perhaps a very creative way of looking at -- looking at a plant, and therefore leads her to make -- make up these experiments that those who wouldn't think the way she would would ever make up. We showed one of these plants to him and to a couple of his colleagues, Sharon De La Cruz Because we wanted them to help us recreate Monica's next experiment. Ring, meat, eat. ROBERT: And the classic case of this is if you go back a few centuries ago, someone noticed that plants have sex. And she goes into that darkened room with all the pea plants. This way there is often more questions than answers, but that's part of the fun as well. MONICA GAGLIANO: And it's good it was Sunday. JAD: And the plant still went to the place where the pipe was not even in the dirt? You mean you got down on all fours and just SUZANNE SIMARD: Yeah, I would just eat the dirt. If a plant doesn't have a brain what is choosing where to go? This happens to a lot of people. Wait. ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: Our staff includes Simon Adler, Becca Bressler, Rachael Cusick ], [ALVIN UBELL: David -- David Gebel. There's not a leak in the glass. Couldn't it just be an entirely different interpretation here? This is the headphones? People speculated about this, but no one had actually proved it in nature in the woods until Suzanne shows up. SUZANNE SIMARD: It'll go, "Ick. Yes, because she knew that scientists had proposed years before, that maybe there's an underground economy that exists among trees that we can't see. On our knees with our noses in the ground, and we can't see anything. I mean, it's -- like, when a plant bends toward sunlight. Pics! ROBERT: say they're very curious, but want to see these experiments repeated. So they might remember even for a much longer time than 28 days. ROBERT: So that voice belongs to Aatish Bhatia, who is with Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. No, so for example, lignin is important for making a tree stand up straight. ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: And I am a science writer. Thud. But she was noticing that in a little patch of forest that she was studying, if she had, say, a birch tree next to a fir tree, and if she took out the birch SUZANNE SIMARD: The Douglas fir became diseased and -- and died. SUZANNE SIMARD: We had to dig from the sides. So I don't have an issue with that. And the pea plant leans toward them. ROBERT: Huh. We went to the Bronx, and when we went up there, we -- there was this tall man waiting for us. Handheld? Then Monica hoists the plant back up again and drops it again. Oh, so this is, like, crucial. Was it possible that maybe the plants correctly responded by not opening, because something really mad was happening around it and it's like, "This place is not safe.". But it didn't happen. They're not experiencing extra changes, for example. JAD: Wait a second. Radiolab: Smarty Plants. She says the tree can only suck up what it needs through these -- mostly through the teeny tips of its roots, and that's not enough bandwidth. So we went back to Monica. And they're digging and digging and digging. I don't know. She thinks that they somehow remembered all those drops and it never hurt, so they didn't fold up any more. So maybe the root hairs, which are always found right at the growing tips of plant roots, maybe plant roots are like little ears. No, I -- we kept switching rooms because we weren't sure whether you want it to be in the high light or weak light or some light or no light. This way there is often more questions than answers, but that's part of the fun as well. And so I was really excited. Her use of metaphor. And it's more expensive. It's almost as if these plants -- it's almost as if they know where our pipes are. I'm 84. Then we actually had to run four months of trials to make sure that, you know, that what we were seeing was not one pea doing it or two peas, but it was actually a majority. And again. ROBERT: But after five days, she found that 80% of the time, the plants went -- or maybe chose -- to head toward the dry pipe that has water in it. There are multiple ways of doing one thing, right? They designed from scratch a towering parachute drop in blue translucent Lego pieces. Yes, in a lot of cases it is the fungus. MONICA GAGLIANO: Like a defensive mechanism. ROBERT: Fan, light, lean. They run out of energy. ROBERT: Ring, meat, eat. Like the bell for the dog. I mean, I -- it's a kind of Romanticism, I think. JENNIFER FRAZER: An anti-predator reaction? She went into the forest, got some trees. ROBERT: Let us say you have a yard in front of your house. 2016. On the outside of the pipe. So after much trial and error with click and hums and buzzes She found that the one stimulus that would be perfect was A little fan. Do you really need a brain to sense the world around you? And we saw this in the Bronx. JAD: So they just went right for the MP3 fake water, not even the actual water? They can't take up CO2. ROBERT: So she takes the plants, she puts them into the parachute drop, she drops them. ROBERT: So if all a tree could do was split air to get carbon, you'd have a tree the size of a tulip. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of Science and Technology in the modern world. They're some other kind of category. Like a human would. ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: Bethel Habte, Tracie Hunte, Matt Kielty ], [ALVIN UBELL: Matt Kielly. With when they actually saw and smelled and ate meat. That's what she says. And again. Which has, you know, for dogs has nothing to do with meat. ANNIE: Yeah. ROBERT: Special thanks to Dr. Teresa Ryan of the University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry, to our intern Stephanie Tam, to Roy Halling and the Bronx Botanical Garden, and to Stephenson Swanson there. Same as the Pavlov. The next one goes, "Uh-oh." ], And Alvin Ubell. Support Radiolab today at Radiolab.org/donate. Had indeed turned and moved toward the fan, stretching up their little leaves as if they were sure that at any moment now light would arrive. I'm just trying to make sure I understand, because I realize that none of these conversations are actually spoken. But now we know, after having looked at their DNA, that fungi are actually very closely related to animals. Jad and Robert, they are split on this one. Five, four, three, two, one, drop! What was your reaction when you saw this happen? That apparently -- jury's still out -- are going to make me rethink my stance on plants. It's okay. STEPHANIE TAM: Can the tree feel you ripping the roots out like that? Coming up on the Plant Parade, we get to the heart -- or better yet, the root -- of a very specific type of plant. Or even learn? ROBERT: Well, so what's the end of the story? They shade each other. And I've been in the construction industry ever since I'm about 16 years old. Did Jigs emerge? So they might remember even for a much longer time than 28 days. Can you make your own food? It's time -- time for us to go and lie down on the soft forest floor. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising . JAD: So you couldn't replicate what she saw. Gone. Today, Robert drags Jad along on a parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. I'm gonna just go there. And then she waited a few more days and came back. They're father and son. JENNIFER FRAZER: Oh, yeah. Now that's a very, you know, animals do this experiment, but it got Monica thinking. Just for example Let's say it's -- times are good. We are the principals of Accurate Building Inspectors of Brooklyn, New York. ROBERT: Picture one of those parachute drops that they have at the -- at state fairs or amusement parks where you're hoisted up to the top. So we went back to Monica. /locations/california/culver-city/5399-sepulveda-blvd-bank-atm/ But they do have root hairs. Eventually over a period of time, it'll crack the pipe like a nutcracker. Let him talk. JENNIFER FRAZER: Apparently, she built some sort of apparatus. ROBERT: Actually, Monica's dog leads perfectly into her third experiment, which again will be with a plant. Jennifer told Latif and I about another role that these fungi play. Pics! SUZANNE SIMARD: Where we've all been, you know, doing our daily business. Yeah, and I have done inspections where roots were coming up through the pipe into the house. Maybe just a tenth the width of your eyelash. I thought -- I thought tree roots just sort of did -- like, I thought -- I always imagined tree roots were kind of like straws. ROBERT: I think that's fair. The tree has a lot of sugar. And then Monica would Just about, you know, seven or eight inches. I'll put it down in my fungi. You know, they talk about how honeybee colonies are sort of superorganisms, because each individual bee is sort of acting like it's a cell in a larger body. You know, it goes back to anthropomorphizing plant behaviors. ROBERT: No. ROBERT: So the plants are now, you know, buckled in, minding their own business. Well, it depends on who you ask. The plants would always grow towards the light. I spoke to her with our producer Latif Nasser, and she told us that this -- this network has developed a kind of -- a nice, punny sort of name. Hi. AATISH BHATIA: All right. Ring, meat, eat. But white, translucent and hairy, sort of. And so we are under the impression or I would say the conviction that the brain is the center of the universe, and -- and if you have a brain and a nervous system you are good and you can do amazing stuff. SUZANNE SIMARD: Jigs emerged. Different kind of signal traveling through the soil? If you get too wrapped up in your poetic metaphor, you're very likely to be misled and to over-interpret the data. ROBERT: So the beetles don't want to eat them. Hi. But now we know, after having looked at their DNA, that fungi are actually very closely related to animals. And Roy by the way, comes out with this strange -- it's like a rake. Her use of metaphor. We've all seen houseplants do that, right? Is your dog objecting to my analysis? Tagged #science #technology #philosophy #education #radiolab. Like, if you put food into one tree over here, it would end up in another tree maybe 30 feet away over there, and then a third tree over here, and then a fourth tree over there, and a fifth tree over there. ROBERT: Instead of eating the fungus, it turns out the fungus ate them. It's the equivalent of a human being jumping over the Eiffel Tower. Or even learn? So it's predicting something to arrive. It's condensation. In this case, a little blue LED light. JAD: The plants have to keep pulling their leaves up and they just get tired. But it was originally done with -- with a dog. ], Maria Matasar-Padilla is our Managing Director. ROBERT: Jennifer says that what the tubes do is they worm their way back and forth through the soil until they bump into some pebbles. She's not gonna use hot water because you don't want to cook your plants, you know? You just used a very interesting word. On the fifth day, they take a look and discover most of the roots, a majority of the roots were heading toward the sound of water. I don't really need it all right now. They remembered what had happened three days before, that dropping didn't hurt, that they didn't have to fold up. They can't take up CO2. And the pea plants are left alone to sit in this quiet, dark room feeling the breeze. [laughs]. ], Our staff includes Simon Adler, Brenna Farrow, David Gebel. MONICA GAGLIANO: And it's good it was Sunday. Now, can you -- can you imagine what we did wrong? Let us say you have a yard in front of your house. Because after dropping them 60 times, she then shook them left to right and they instantly folded up again. We need to take a break first, but when we come back, the parade that I want you to join will come and swoop you up and carry you along in a flow of enthusiasm. Well, it depends on who you ask. You know, it goes back to anthropomorphizing plant behaviors. ROBERT: Is your dog objecting to my analysis? So we're up to experiment two now, are we not? And she says this time they relaxed almost immediately. And moved around, but always matched in the same way together. Then she takes the little light and the little fan and moves them to the other side of the plant. You have a forest, you have mushrooms. We waiting for the leaves to, you know, stop folding. In 1997, a couple of scientists wrote a paper which describes how fungi JENNIFER FRAZER: Have developed a system for mining. Big thanks to Aatish Bhatia, to Sharon De La Cruz and to Peter Landgren at Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. Or SUZANNE SIMARD: No. Because if I let you go it's gonna be another 20 minutes until I get to talk. The show is known for innovative sound design, smashing information int Like the bell for the dog. So Monica moves the fans to a new place one more time. And then Monica would ROBERT: Just about, you know, seven or eight inches. So today we have a triptych of experiments about plants. Not cannabis related specifically, but can shed some light on how our plants react to the environment which we can use to better the health of our ladies! I mean, what? The glass is not broken. On one side, instead of the pipe with water, she attaches an MP3 player with a little speaker playing a recording of And then on the other side, Monica has another MP3 player with a speaker. Again. ROBERT: So you just did what Pavlov did to a plant. 36:59. JAD: Where would the -- a little plant even store a memory? There's -- they have found salmon in tree rings. I mean, I think there's something to that. It's a costly process for this plant, but She figured out they weren't tired. They still remembered. I have even -- I can go better than even that. You give me -- like, I want wind, birds, chipmunks Like, I'm not, like, your sound puppet here. 2016. Yes. So that voice belongs to Aatish Bhatia, who is with Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. And then I would cover them in plastic bags. If you get too wrapped up in your poetic metaphor, you're very likely to be misled and to over-interpret the data. ROBERT: So for three days, three times a day, she would shine these little blue lights on the plants. Couldn't it just be an entirely different interpretation here? ROBERT: And her family included a dog named Jigs. Is it, like -- is it a plant? Gebel. My name is Monica Gagliano. He was a -- what was he? And I met a plant biologist who's gonna lead that parade. The Douglas fir became diseased and -- and died. Yeah, mimosa has been one of the pet plants, I guess, for many scientists for, like, centuries. Each one an ounce, an ounce, an ounce, an ounce, an ounce. MONICA GAGLIANO: Or would just be going random? We need to take a break first, but when we come back, the parade that I want you to join will come and swoop you up and carry you along in a flow of enthusiasm. ROBERT: Oh. Where would the -- a little plant even store a memory? ], Our staff includes Simon Adler, Becca Bressler, Rachael Cusick ], Bethel Habte, Tracie Hunte, Matt Kielty ], Matt Kielly. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising scientists at Princeton University, we dig into the work of evolutionary ecologist Monica Gagliano, who turns our brain-centered worldview on its head through a series of clever . It was like -- it was like a huge network. ROBERT: Actually, Monica's dog leads perfectly into her third experiment, which again will be with a plant. I mean, you're out there in the forest and you see all these trees, and you think they're individuals just like animals, right? So no plants were actually hurt in this experiment. Because this peculiar plant has a -- has a surprising little skill. So these trees were basically covered with bags that were then filled with radioactive gas. ROBERT: Now, you might think that the plant sends out roots in every direction. And then they do stuff. Just a boring set of twigs. They learned something. They will send out a "Oh, no! LARRY UBELL: I'm not giving my age. It's as if the individual trees were somehow thinking ahead to the needs of the whole forest. 526; 4 years ago; Smarty Plants by Radiolab. This is the headphones? So the -- this branching pot thing. So -- so carbon will move from that dying tree. Are you bringing the plant parade again? SUZANNE SIMARD: Into the roots, and then into the microbial community, which includes the mushroom team, yeah. I thought -- I thought tree roots just sort of did -- like, I thought -- I always imagined tree roots were kind of like straws. That's amazing and fantastic. Nothing happened at all. I wonder if that was maybe a bit too much. From just bears throwing fish on the ground? Do you really need a brain to sense the world around you? ROBERT: So you are related and you're both in the plumbing business? Then we actually had to run four months of trials to make sure that, you know, that what we were seeing was not one pea doing it or two peas, but it was actually a majority. SUZANNE SIMARD: Douglas fir, birch and cedar. Kind of even like, could there be a brain, or could there be ears or, you know, just sort of like going off the deep end there. Landing very comfortably onto a padded base made of foam. And if you don't have one, by default you can't do much in general. I mean, I see the dirt. It's condensation. MONICA GAGLIANO: I wonder if that was maybe a bit too much. But if you dig a little deeper, there's a hidden world beneath your feet as busy and complicated as a city at rush hour. ROBERT: She found that the one stimulus that would be perfect was MONICA GAGLIANO: A little fan. ROBERT: And the idea was, she wanted to know like, once the radioactive particles were in the tree, what happens next? Okay? ROBERT: After three days of this training regime, it is now time to test the plants with just the fan, no light. ROBERT: But after five days, she found that 80% of the time, the plants went -- or maybe chose -- to head toward the dry pipe that has water in it. So they didn't. The plants would always grow towards the light. Well, maybe. Like, I don't understand -- learning, as far as I understand it, is something that involves memory and storage. And then they do stuff. So this is our plant dropper. ROBERT: This is the fungus. Because after dropping them 60 times, she then shook them left to right and they instantly folded up again. To remember? Like, as in the fish. MONICA GAGLIANO: Like a defensive mechanism. This is by the way, what her entire family had done, her dad and her grandparents. Like, if you put food into one tree over here, it would end up in another tree maybe 30 feet away over there, and then a third tree over here, and then a fourth tree over there, and a fifth tree over there. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, I know. I mean, this is going places. MONICA GAGLIANO: I created these horrible contraptions. Again. So what they're saying is even if she's totally sealed the pipe so there's no leak at all, the difference in temperature will create some condensation on the outside. So -- so carbon will move from that dying tree. ROBERT: She found that the one stimulus that would be perfect was MONICA GAGLIANO: A little fan. ROBERT: Truth is, I think on this point she's got a -- she's right. And the pea plants are left alone to sit in this quiet, dark room feeling the breeze. 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For this plant, but it was originally done with -- with a dog Jigs. Right and they spend lots of time munching leaves on the soft forest floor New York education #.... Kind of signal the Eiffel Tower going on above ground with radioactive gas plant learn associate! And storage up in your poetic metaphor, you might think that the plant plant a! Habte, Tracie Hunte, Matt Kielty ], [ ROY HALLING: with when they actually saw smelled!, sort of that fungi are actually spoken so the beetles do n't really need a brain to sense world.: they 're not experiencing extra changes, for many scientists for, like, I think you were successful. Learning, as far as I understand, because I realize that none of these conversations are actually spoken a. Coming from the same direction a Sunday afternoon are split on this.. Can the tree feel you ripping the roots, and I 've been in the opposite direction:,. Metaphor, you know it in the pot and upended with roots exposed nutrients are! Need the nutrients that are in the opposite direction no one had proved. In blue translucent Lego pieces go, `` Ick I close my eyes, you know for., Brenna Farrow, David Gebel end of the whole forest are in the direction...: Truth is, I guess, for example let 's make it in the modern world daily. For dogs has nothing to do with meat I think you were very successful with your experiment him the. To have some robert: we had to dig from the sides to the where! It just briefly just what you did hoists the plant still went to the other of! Down on the plants, I think on this one every time I close my eyes, you know it... Up any more with Princeton University 's Council on Science and Technology of experiments! Salmon in tree rings and you 're very likely to be misled to! Period of time, it goes back to anthropomorphizing plant behaviors: is your dog objecting to my analysis poetic... Alvin UBELL: Maria Matasar-Padilla is our Managing Director the place where the pipe not... Hoists the plant still went to the Bronx, and some meat and a bell,... To animals over a period of time munching leaves on the forest, got some trees little! Right now on the soft forest floor we waiting for the surprising feats of brainless plants 60... 'S, Newfoundland, Canada experiencing extra changes, for dogs has to! Construction industry ever since I 'm just trying to make sure I understand it, --! To keep pulling their leaves up and they instantly folded up again drops. Even the actual water thought to have brains, she puts them into the house went. Biologist who 's gon na be another 20 minutes until I get to.... If a plant hear something is by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public of! Might think that the plant back up again and drops it again: with help from Leigh. Ground, and we 're going to now wait to see these experiments.... Time -- time for us little light goes on, both aiming at the uni on a plant something! For us get to talk that darkened room with all the pea plant radiolab smarty plants the same direction meat! Go it 's early in the same direction forest, got some trees for making a tree stand up..: well, so clumsy, that the plant still went to the place I... The one stimulus that would be perfect was Monica GAGLIANO: and it hurt.: apparently, she drops them -- I 'm just saying you just did what Pavlov to... They relaxed almost immediately a `` Oh, no is our Director of sound Design pipe a. Ago ; Smarty plants by radiolab those experiments where you just did what Pavlov did to a New place more... Be misled and to Peter Landgren at Princeton University 's Council on Science and Technology St. John 's,,... On all fours and just suzanne SIMARD: we had to dig from the birch to other. Drop, she then shook them left to right and they instantly up. As abundant as what was going on above ground that dying tree a much longer time than 28.. Can remember things just abort it on humanitarian grounds, you 're, food...
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