So perhaps the explanation for the Dukes broad walk, one of the most famous walks in movie history, is the combination of a strapping, masculine body and tiny little feet. (Important Facts). On June 12, Wayne played the lead in his final John Ford film, Donovan's Reef, co-starring Lee Marvin. He had four children with Josephine: Michael Wayne (November 23, 1934 April 2, 2003), Mary Antonia "Toni" Wayne LaCava (February 25, 1936 December 6, 2000), Patrick Wayne (born July 15, 1939), and Melinda Wayne Munoz December 3, 1940 April 13, 2022). Another important detail to touch on here is the fact that Wayne had unusually small feet. But how much do you really know about the creatures frolicking through, The figurative meanings of some phraseslike close, but no cigar and cut to the chaseseem different enough from the words themselves that you might assume they were, Its always the Quick 10, isnt it? Burt Reynolds claims Wayne used a Native-American walk: toe to heel, toe to heel. [19], A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him "Little Duke" because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier, Duke. [137] He had been a chain smoker of cigarettes since young adulthood and was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1964. Read all Eddies mental_floss stories. Its best-known non-Wayne productions were Seven Men From Now (1956), which started the classic collaboration between director Budd Boetticher and star Randolph Scott, and Gun the Man Down (1956) with contract player James Arness as an outlaw. Fox Studios chief Winfield Sheehan rejected it as sounding "too Italian". (The Answer May Surprise You). [170] He appeared in the similar Box Office poll in 1939 and 1940. At his very best he is much closer to a tragic vision of lifeprojecting the kind of mystery associated with great acting. Content Summary. Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (18841937), was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison (18451915). [135][136], Wayne biographer Michael Munn chronicled Wayne's drinking habits. Wayne took the role of the owner of a cattle ranch, who finds out that a businessman is trying to own neighboring land illegally. [30] His pay was raised to $105 a week. [64] On November 13, another film starring Wayne premiered, Andrew V. McLaglen's McLintock!, once again opposite Maureen O'Hara. According to his son Patrick and his grandson Matthew Muoz, who was a priest in the California Diocese of Orange, Wayne converted to Roman Catholicism shortly before his death. Eastwood starred in and directed a film called High Plains Drifter. Wayne's enduring status as an iconic American was formally recognized by the U.S. government in the form of the two highest civilian decorations. [127] Ethan has also appeared on the History Channel show Pawn Stars to help authenticate merchandise supposedly related to his father's career. John Wayne was a big man: most sources cite him as 6'4" (some say he was shorter and wore lifts, but others insist he was actually 6'5" or 6'6"). [157], In 2016, Republican assemblyman Matthew Harper proposed marking May 26 as "John Wayne Day" in California. In the late '20s, when I was a sophomore at USC, I was a socialist myselfbut not when I left. Well, its Friday, and I think Im developing an immunity to caffeine, because Im not moving very quick today. That we are a country that stands for freedom, for rightness, for justice," before adding that "it just simply doesn't apply. [116], In February 2019, the Playboy interview resurfaced,[121] which resulted in calls for John Wayne Airport to be renamed. [39] Wayne did not attempt to prevent his reclassification as 1-A (draft eligible), but Republic Studios was emphatically resistant to losing him, since he was their only A-list actor under contract. He starred in more than 170 films in an unparalleled almost 50 year career in movies. [169], In the Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Money-Making Western Stars poll, Wayne was listed in 1936 and 1939. Others theorize that he broke his leg at some point and never quite evened out afterward. Hawks explained: "Because of the lung Wayne lost, he reads his lines differently. The following year, he appeared in his only film directed by Cecil B. DeMille, the Technicolor epic Reap the Wild Wind (1942), in which he co-starred with Ray Milland and Paulette Goddard; it was one of the rare times he played a character with questionable values. [82], On February 7, 1973, Burt Kennedy's The Train Robbers opened; Wayne appeared alongside Ann-Margret, Rod Taylor and Ben Johnson. After losing his football scholarship to the University of Southern California from a bodysurfing accident,[6] he began working for the Fox Film Corporation. His daughter, Aissa Wayne (born March 31, 1956) was at his bedside. | Mental Floss; 2 2.John Wayne: Swaggering Gait - followingfeet; 3 3.Was John Wayne's walk his actual walk, his interpretation of - Quora; 4 4.John Wayne: How the Actor Learned His Iconic Walk - Outsider; 5 5.Why Did John Wayne Limp - whowaeen; 6 6.The injury that gave us John Wayne: History turns on tiny hinges I love you.". [38], America's entry into World War II resulted in a deluge of support for the war effort from all sectors of society, and Hollywood was no exception. Length: 25 hrs and 58 mins. [78] On September 16, Howard Hawks' Rio Lobo premiered. "[123] The calls for changing the airport's name back to Orange County Airport were renewed during the George Floyd protests in June 2020. (The Answer May Surprise You), Why Do Dogs Eat Their Own Poop? I clearly remember marveling at how small John Waynes boot prints were! [175], Newport Beach, California-based John Wayne Enterprises, a business operated by Wayne's heirs, sells products, including Kentucky straight Bourbon, bearing the "Duke" brand and using Wayne's picture. Whether or not the size of John Waynes feet played a significant role in his signature gait remains to be seen. On his 72nd birthday on May 26, 1979, Wayne was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. But we can't all of a sudden get down on our knees and turn everything over to the leadership of the blacks. (A spelling error by Wayne's secretary was allowed to stand, accounting for the variation. Cast member Louise Platt credited Ford as saying at the time that Wayne would become the biggest star ever because of his appeal as the archetypal "everyman". He was, of course, the one and only John Wayne, the Duke himself. [163] At a party in 1957, Wayne confronted actor Kirk Douglas about the latter's decision to play the role of Vincent van Gogh in the film Lust for Life, saying: "Christ, Kirk, how can you play a part like that? [160] Using the power of communication through silent films and radio, Wayne was instrumental in creating a national culture from disparate areas of the US, and made the creation of a national hero possible. Best Time To Hike John Muir Trail Easy & Clear Answer, Why Does My Dog Walk Behind Me On A Leash? While John Wayne is best known for his iconic voice . His career flourished from the silent era of the 1920s through the American New Wave, as he appeared in a total of 179 film and television productions. He was a Freemason, a Master Mason in Marion McDaniel Lodge No. She never told him about it. He admitted, I must walk different from other people, but I havent gone to any school to learn how., While there are tons of theories circulating out there, everyone can agree on one thing. He was the quintessential cowboy, the all-American American, the symbol for "macho" all over the world. He made his last public appearance at the Academy Awards ceremony on April 9, 1979,[8][9] and died of stomach cancer two months later. [142][143] During the early 1960s, Wayne traveled often to Panama, and he purchased the island of Taborcillo off that nation's Pacific coast. Wayne was part of his high school's football team and its debating team. (Important Facts), Why Does My Cat Bite Me When I Walk By? [107] In 1964, Wayne was a staunch supporter of Barry Goldwater, and actively campaigned for him. Some state that John Ford, Wayne's favorite director and close friend, taught him the "John Wayne walk.". I think he had a lot of things going on in his life. [175] The foundation provides funds for innovative programs that improve cancer patient care, including research, education, awareness, and support. Seems like nobody remembers how different the fellows were in The Quiet Man or Iwo Jima, or Yellow Ribbon, where I was 35 playing a man of 65. Ground was broken for the new John Wayne Birthplace Museum and Learning Center at a ceremony consisting of over 30 of Wayne's family members, including Melinda Wayne Muoz, Aissa, Ethan, and Marisa Wayne. His support of the treaty brought him hate mail for the first time in his life. (Important Facts), Why Cant You Walk Through A Drive Through? [128], In 1973, Wayne was encouraged by Pilar, an avid tennis player, to build the John Wayne Tennis Club in Newport Beach, California. [102][103] Wayne was a supporter of Senator Joseph McCarthy. He's real, perfectly natural." He had a long, lanky body; in his early films of the 1930s, he looks very stiff and a bit awkward, as if he doesn't know . One of Wayne's most popular roles was in The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William Wellman, and based on a novel by Ernest K. Gann. He was asked to be the running mate for Democratic Alabama Governor George Wallace, who had been nominated for president by the American Independent Party, in his 1968 campaign, but he immediately rejected the offer[99] and actively campaigned for Richard Nixon;[109] Wayne addressed the 1968 Republican National Convention on its opening day. By the time his body had filled out, the style was pretty much set. John Wayne: How the Actor Learned His Iconic Walk. Like most Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne appeared as a guest on radio programs, such as: The Hedda Hopper Show and The Louella Parsons Show. "[164] However, actor Marlon Brando was notably critical of Wayne's public persona and of the cultural insensitivity of Wayne's characters, arguing on The Dick Cavett Show that, "We [Americans] like to see ourselves as perhaps John Wayne sees us. The film was shot in Utah, right near a nuclear weapon test site, exposing the cast and crew to fallout. It hopes we've learned something from yesterday. [25] Stacy published a book about her life with him in 1983, titled Duke: A Love Story. Marshal Reuben J. [70], On May 24, 1967, Wayne played the lead in Burt Kennedy's The War Wagon with Kirk Douglas as the second lead. John Wayne's legendary career has been well-documented in many books and personal interviews, but one question still remains: One person described the classic John Wayne walk by saying, "He looked like he needed to change his diapers." (Important Facts), Why Does My Cat Bite My Legs When I Walk? God, this is what Ive been waiting for my whole life! Wayne's mother, the former Mary "Molly" Alberta Brown (18851970), was from Lancaster County, Nebraska. He played leading roles in numerous B movies during the 1930s, most of them also Westerns, without becoming a major name. Access a growing selection of included Audible Originals, audiobooks and podcasts. Wayne was not even present for the discussion. [155], Several celebrations took place on May 26, 2007, the centennial of Wayne's birth. Both actresses recall looking at Waynes broad, hulking body and being surprised how little his feet were. When numerous towns and cities in the United States had been named right after historical figures or nearby topographical features, some monikers have origin tales that are, At approximately 2:20 p.m. on August 28, 2003, Brian Wellsa pizza deliverymanwalked into a PNC Bank in Erie, Pennsylvania and handed a note to a teller demanding, If you live in the United States, youre probably surrounded by these little gray rodents. Why did the Duke walk with that trademark swagger? Son Ethan was billed as John Ethan Wayne in a few films, and played one of the leads in the 1990s update of the Adam-12 television series. Katharine Hepburn described him as having "great legs and tight buttocks, a real great seat, and small sensitive feet." She went on to say that "he carries his huge frame lightly, like a feather" with his walk being "very fine, light." Whether or not the size of John Wayne's feet played a significant role in his signature gait remains to be seen. John Wayne has paid his dues over and over, and I'm proud to consider him a friend and am very much in favor of my government recognizing in some important fashion the contribution that Mr. Wayne has made.[149]. [130] After his separation from Pilar, in 1973, Wayne became romantically involved and lived with his former secretary Pat Stacy (19411995) until his death in 1979. [132] He was occasionally seen in public without the hairpiece (such as, according to Life, at Gary Cooper's funeral). In 1999, the American Film Institute selected Wayne as one of the greatest male stars of classic American cinema. Slowly but surely, he learned to move in a very slow, deliberate way; his slow and deliberate walk was simply his way of controlling his body. Wayne thought of himself as a reactor rather than an actor, and felt that the difference between good and bad acting was in acting and reacting. He kept it docked in Newport Beach Harbor, and it was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2011.[144]. Wayne played the role of an estranged father who must track down a gang who kidnapped his grandson. Hollywood figures and American leaders from across the political spectrum, including Maureen O'Hara, Elizabeth Taylor, Frank Sinatra, Mike Frankovich, Katharine Hepburn, General and Mrs. Omar Bradley, Gregory Peck, Robert Stack, James Arness, and Kirk Douglas, testified to Congress in support of the award. Another theory says the Duke broke his leg before he hit it big, and that created his off-balance walk. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself in our hands. Canutt was a true cowboy and professional rodeo contestant. And hes done thousands of voice-overs for radio and cartoons, such as Dexters Laboratory and Family Guy. This wasnt typical for a man of his stature. PAUL FIX: The Character Actor Who Taught John Wayne To Walk PAUL FIX had a career consisting of a combination of 527 motion picture and television appearances. [17] He was raised Presbyterian. In it, Wayne played a Chicago police lieutenant named Jim Brannigan on the hunt for an organized-crime leader. On June 13, 1969, Henry Hathaway's True Grit premiered. Probably the most colorfuland fascinatingtheory regarding the Duke's walk states that he based it on Michelangelo's statue of David. He lost the leading role of Jimmy Ringo in The Gunfighter (1950) to Gregory Peck due to his refusal to work for Columbia Pictures because its chief, Harry Cohn, had mistreated him years before when he was a young contract player. [125] In July 2020, it was announced that the exhibit would be removed.[126]. The couple had five children together before divorcing in 1985. The night the film Angel and the Badman (1947) wrapped, the usual party was held for cast and crew, and Wayne came home very late. However, whether he is ill disposed or healthy, John Wayne is far beyond the normal political sharpshooting in this community. Wayne was fond of literature, his favorite authors being Charles Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle, and Agatha Christie. In it, Wayne had a cameo as himself. To, Talking to a teen or perusing TikTok comments can sometimes feel like trying to decipher a new language. Burt Reynolds claims Wayne used a Native-American walk: toe to heel, toe to heel. John Wayne loved the statue and based his walk, and his famous hand-on-hip stance, on the legendary statue. From there the iconic walk was born. I love you. I was born in New York City. Why did John Wayne and Christopher Mitchum fall out? [189], Subsequent films, breakthrough, and war years, After Wayne gained fame under his stage name, studio publicists erroneously referred to his birth name as, Candelaria, Nash. He was born in 1848, in Monmouth, Illinois. Waynes last movie was with ChristopherMitchum. I'd like to know why well-educated idiots keep apologizing for lazy and complaining people who think the world owes them a living. Photo by Flickr user Mario Snchez Prada.). I think it was because he was in a bad place. [50] Broderick Crawford, who was eventually cast in the role, won the 1949 Oscar for best male actor, ironically beating out Wayne, who had been nominated for Sands of Iwo Jima (1949). Then, one day, a friend of mine, who was also a theater actor, told me that he wanted to audition for a part in one of the plays he was auditioning for. Today we get to witness the finished product in many of his films, but how exactly did it come to be? Director John Ford hired John Wayne as a prop boy and extra, so he had the opportunity to meet Wyatt Earp. Vincent Canby of The New York Times, who did not particularly care for the film, wrote: "Wayne is, of course, marvelously indestructible, and he has become an almost perfect father figure". So perhaps the explanation for the Duke's broad walk, one of the most famous walks in movie history, is the combination of a strapping, masculine body and tiny little feet. It was clear that this meant the world to John Wayne. Many in the audience who saw it in Grandeur stood and cheered, but only a handful of theaters were equipped to show the film in its widescreen process, and the effort was largely wasted at the time. During his senior year, he won a scholarship to attend the University of Southern California, but he dropped out after one semester to pursue a career in acting. For his screen name, Walsh suggested "Anthony Wayne", after Revolutionary War General "Mad" Anthony Wayne. The actor playing Superman in Man of Steel, Gal Gadot, has a similar height to Batman, but she is 6 2, making her taller than Batman. "[113] However, an investigation in 2022 found that this is unlikely to have happened, and Littlefeather had no way of witnessing this take place. Director: Robert N. Bradbury | Stars: John Wayne, Marion Burns, Dennis Moore, Reed Howes. As for his politics, wellI suppose even cavemen felt a little admiration for the dinosaurs that were trying to gobble them up. His work in Stagecoach (1939) set him on the road to Hollywood fame. For six months in 1942, Wayne starred in his own radio adventure series, Three Sheets to the Wind, produced by film director Tay Garnett. [155][156] The weekend-long event each fall in Casa Grande, Arizona, includes a golf tournament, an auction of John Wayne memorabilia, and a team roping competition. [57] That year Wayne also played the lead in Henry Hathaway's North to Alaska also starring Stewart Granger and Ernie Kovacs. [73] the only major film made during the Vietnam War in support of the war. I got to high school, my friends and I would go to the theater. According to some, an old stunt double friend of Waynes named Yakima Canutt served as the main inspiration for the famous walk. According to the legends, he got involved in numerous gun fights but was never hit or injured. A former rodeo cowboy, Canutt, became a favorite stuntman and coordinator on several of John Wayne's projects. Could it really be that simple? [167] His status grew so large and legendary that when Japanese Emperor Hirohito visited the United States in 1975, he asked to meet John Wayne, the symbolic representation of his country's former enemy. This is my birthday. Eastwood starred in and directed a film called High Plains Drifter. Did John Wayne and Clint Eastwood get along? [106] In 1960, he joined the anti-communist John Birch Society, but quit after the organization denounced fluoridation of water supplies as a communist plot. He had a long, lanky body; in his early films of the 1930s, he looks very stiff and a bit awkward, as if he doesnt know quite what to do with his body. Narrated by: John McLain. "John Wayne Dead of Cancer on Coast at 72", "Everyone called him 'Duke': John Wayne's conversion to Catholicism", "Hollywood Is Pitching Into Political Race", "Why Stalin loved Tarzan and wanted John Wayne shot", "John Wayne's racist comments, lack of World War II service resurface in heated Twitter debate", "Kevin Phillips, Ex-Populist: Elite Model", "Reagan Angered John Wayne New York Times", "Column: Did John Wayne try to assault Sacheen Littlefeather at the 1973 Oscars? Whenmitchum disagreed with waynes conservative views during a television interview, the two actors fell out. John Waynes characters were often modeled after macho people of Canutts ilk, so it doesnt seem like much of a stretch. Another theory says the Duke broke his leg before he hit it big, and that created his off-balance walk. The pair developed a friendship, and what came out of it is still entertaining us today. Stagecoach was a huge critical and financial success, and Wayne became a mainstream star. He had a long, lanky body; in his early films of the 1930s, he looks very stiff and a bit awkward, as if he doesn't know quite what to do with his body. [34] In Riders of Destiny (1933), he became one of the first singing cowboys of film, albeit via dubbing. [16] His great-great-grandfather Robert Morrison (b. How did John Wayne get his signature walk? His favorite books were David Copperfield, and Conan Doyle's historical novels The White Company and Sir Nigel. [29], While working for Fox Film Corporation in bit roles, Wayne was given on-screen credit as "Duke Morrison" only once, in Words and Music (1929). [21]:88 Donovan later issued Wayne an OSS Certificate of Service to memorialize Wayne's contribution to the OSS mission. In 1932 he Each morning, he recalled, he would walk down the hill to the railway station and conjure up his first spy novels on the train in to London on his way to work at MI5. [158] This resolution was struck down by a vote of 35 to 20, due to Wayne's views on race and his support of controversial organizations such as the John Birch Society and the House Un-American Activities Committee. He was hired because he looked and talked like a hero, but he didn't know how to move like one. The show was intended by Garnett to be a pilot of sorts for a film version, though the motion picture never came to fruition. [124], In October 2019, USC student activists called for removing an exhibit dedicated to Wayne, citing the interview. [131], Wayne's hair began to thin in the 1940s, and he had begun to wear a hairpiece by the end of the decade. He was also the president of the Latin Society and contributed to the school's newspaper sports column. In this industry, we often judge people, sometimes unfairly, by asking whether they have paid their dues. "[145] John Ford said of him: "He's not something out of a book, governed by acting rules. I'd like to know why they make excuses for cowards who spit in the faces of the police and then run behind the judicial sob sisters. In a good picture, they react in a logical way to a situation they're in, so the audience can identify with the actors." This device is terribly effective, because you keep your eyes on him and wait for him to finish, because you don't know what's coming next." In a 1969 interview with Roger Ebert, Wayne remarked: "Of course, they give me that John Wayne stuff so much, claim I always play the same role. [84], In 1974, Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in John Sturges's crime drama McQ.[85]. The film was hated by John Wayne, an icon in the western genre and one of the greatest actors of . In 2006, friends of Wayne and his former Arizona business partner, Louis Johnson, inaugurated the "Louie and the Duke Classics" events benefiting the John Wayne Cancer Foundation[154] and the American Cancer Society. (As a sidebar: I well remember my first-ever visit to the legendary Graumanns Chinese Theater on Hollywood Blvd. Wayne, who has been described as "serial slaughterer of Native Americans on-screen and self-professed white supremacist off it", was in the wings, and was so angry about her presence there that Littlefeather said "he was coming towards me to forcibly take me off the stage, and he had to be restrained by six security men to prevent him from doing so. He underwent successful surgery to remove his entire left lung[91] and two ribs. [54], Howard Hawks's Rio Bravo premiered on March 18, 1959. [18], Wayne's family moved to Palmdale, California, and then in 1916 to Glendale at 404 Isabel Street, where his father worked as a pharmacist. Wayne was dying of cancer,Mitchum tried to get in touch with him, but did not hear back. Wayne's legal name apparently remained Marion Robert Morrison his entire life[14][15] although to this day his original name is almost always referred to as Marion Michael Morrison. He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities. [24] He lost his athletic scholarship, and without funds, had to leave the university. Despite efforts by his business associates to prevent him from going public with his illness for fear that it would cost him work, Wayne announced he had cancer and called on the public to get preventive examinations. As far as I can tell, the shortest person to play Batman was Michael Keaton at 59, and the tallest was Ben Affleck at 62. Robert Aldrich, president of the Directors Guild of America, made a particularly notable statement: It is important for you to know that I am a registered Democrat, and to my knowledge, share none of the political views espoused by Duke. The "John Wayne walk" didn't happen overnight; he developed it over the years. [27][28] Wayne later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with Wyatt Earp, who was good friends with Tom Mix. [92] He was buried in the Pacific View Memorial Park Cemetery in Corona del Mar, Newport Beach. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Wayne 13th among the Greatest Male Screen Legends of classic Hollywood cinema. In fact, Wayne liked one of Canutt's stunts so much that he used it in multiple films. "[105] He used his star power to support conservative causes, including rallying support for the Vietnam War by producing, co-directing, and starring in the financially successful film The Green Berets (1968). John Waynes legendary career has been well-documented in many books and personal interviews, but one question still remains: One person described the classic John Wayne walk by saying, He looked like he needed to change his diapers. Slightly tipsy, slightly off-balance looking, rough, tough, and rugged. [65], In 1964, Wayne played the leading role in Henry Hathaway's Circus World with Claudia Cardinale and Rita Hayworth. Waynes last words were on the screen. Eastwoods response to the criticism was to , I dont care what people think about me. Probably the most colorfuland fascinatingtheory regarding the Dukes walk states that he based it on Michelangelos statue of David. [21] According to Sam O'Steen's memoir, Cut to the Chase, studio directors knew to shoot Wayne's scenes before noon, because by afternoon, he "was a mean drunk". Wayne toured U.S. bases and hospitals in the South Pacific for three months in 1943 and 1944,[43] with the USO. Some think so. From the lean and intense early days, in those low-cost dusters which still play on morning television, Wayne has had a presence which got through the lenses and shutters and onto the film undiminished. According to a Hollywood legend, the icon rests with it and wears it in his grave for the rest of his days. [96] His grave, which was unmarked for 20 years, has been marked since 1999 with the quotation: Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Because of his courage, his dignity, his integrity, and because of his talents as an actor, his strength as a leader, his warmth as a human being throughout his illustrious career, he is entitled to a unique spot in our hearts and minds. You will get an email reminder before your trial ends. Photo by Flickr user Mario Snchez Prada.). In 1960, Wayne directed and produced The Alamo portraying Davy Crockett, with Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie. We got to play strong, tough characters. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his athletic career; Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones' reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury, a bodysurfing accident. [177], Between 1926 and 1977, Wayne appeared in over 170 films. [25] Wayne wanted to make this movie because at that time Hollywood had little interest in making movies about the Vietnam War. (Important Facts), Why Do We Move Our Arms When We Walk? [178], In 1973, The Harvard Lampoon, a satirical paper run by Harvard University students, invited Wayne to receive The Brass Balls Award, created in his "honor", after calling him "the biggest fraud in history". Subscribe to our newsletter for new stories, tips & events. Wayne was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on June 9, 1980, by President Jimmy Carter.
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